在《新概念英語》經典版第二冊第12課的難點部分(Special difficulties)裡,出現了“be+副詞”的短語用法,今天就來梳理梳理。
1、be away與be back
1)be away
該短語表示“離開;出門”,相當於leave。但是,與leave不同的是,leave表示的是動作,而且是短暫性動作(即瞬間動詞),不能延續或持續,所以如果用在完成時中,要表達某人已經離開一段時間的話,就不能後接一段時間;如果採用be away,就可以用於完成時,後接一段時間,因為be away表狀態,狀態是可持續的。如:
錯誤:He has left for two months.
正確:He has been away for two months.
2)be back
該短語與be away剛好相反,表示“回來;回家”,表狀態,相當於表動作的come back,但兩者的區別與be away和leave相似。如:
錯誤:He has come back for five hours.
正確:He has been back for five hours.
2、be out與be in
1)be out
該短語表示“出門;出去”,與be away不同的是,be away往往表示出遠門或是離家較長時間,而be out往往表示暫時不在家或短時出去了,但很快就會回來的。試著對比:
He will be away for two weeks.
If anyone phones me, tell them I'll be out all morning.
2)be in
該短語是be out的反義表達,表示“在家裡”。如:
I went to Ted's house and asked to see him, but he wasn't in.
3、be (all) over
該短語表示“結束了;過去了”,相當於finish。all起強調作用。如:
Why don't you forget about it? It's all over.
4、be on
該短語表示“在上映;在廣播”,一般用於電影電視或廣播的進行中。如:
What's on at the local cinema this week?
5、be up to
該短語表示“由某人決定;勝任”。當表示“由某人決定”時,to後面往往接sb.;當表示“勝任”時,to後往往接sth.。如:
Whether we should leave now is up to her. (由某人決定)
She is very ill. She can't start work yet. She is not up to it. (勝任)
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