《新概念英語》第二冊第6課中開始講到短語動詞的用法,也就是我們平常所說的動詞短語的用法。整個第二冊中有關動詞短語的用法,大多是指同一個動詞跟不同的介詞或副詞搭配使用後,意義發生變化。這類動詞短語是各類英語考試中有關詞彙測試常考的內容,平常需要注意積累區分。
接下來我們就來梳理第6課裡出現的有關動詞knock的常用短語的用法。
1、knock at
該短語表示“敲(門、窗等)”。有時,knock也會用作名詞,表示“敲擊”,後面也是緊跟介詞at。如:
He wondered whether it would be proper to knock at her door. (他不知道敲她的門是否恰當。)
I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door. (我正準備睡覺時聽到有人敲門。)
2、knock...off
該短語表示“把...撞倒”,off後面一般接地點。但knock後面也可以接比例或數字,表示“減少”,此時的比例或數字也可以放到off後面。如:
I knocked the vase off the table and broke it. (我把花瓶從桌子上碰掉下來,摔碎了。)
The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill. (店員給了10%的優惠)
It cost me 10 but I'll knock off 20% as it's no longer new. (那是我花10英鎊買的,因為已經舊了,我會減價20%。)
3、knock off
與knock...off不同的是,knock off中間一般不插入其他成分,表示“做完某事;下班”。如:
We knock off at 12:30 for lunch. (我們十二點半時停下工作去吃飯。)
I can knock off a poem in five minutes. (我能在五分鐘內寫一首詩。)
4、knock over
該短語表示“撞倒;消除”,需要注意的是:賓語是名詞的話,可以放在knock和over中間,也可以放到over後面;賓語是代詞的話,則只能放在中間。如:
Don't knock over the bowl of water. (別把那碗水打翻了。)
=Don't knock it over.
The students knocked over every difficulty. (學生們克服了每一個困難。)
=The students knocked it over.
5、knock out
該短語表示“擊倒;打昏”。需要注意的是:賓語是名詞的話,可以放在knock和over中間,也可以放到over後面;賓語是代詞的話,則只能放在中間。如:
The enemy charged up the mountain, attempting to knock out our forces. (敵人向山上衝鋒,企圖把我們的兵力摧毀掉。)
In the fight, the thief knocked the policeman out. (在搏鬥中,小偷把警察打昏了。)
除了以上教材中出現的短語以外,下面這些有關knock的短語也較為常用:
6、knock down
該短語表示“擊倒;撞倒;拆除”。如:
The policemen had to knock down the door to get in. (警察為了進去得撞倒門。)
Knock down the machine before shipping. (在裝運前把機器拆卸開來。)
7、knock up
該短語表示“匆忙做完;使...精疲力盡”。如:
Can you knock up a meal for us now? (你能為我們趕快做頓飯嗎?)
I was completely knocked up from overwork. (由於工作過度,我完全累垮了。)
8、knock it off
該短語經常用作提示語,表示“別再講下去”。如:
Knock it off, will you? I can't make a phone call with all this noise going on. (不要講話了,好嗎?這樣鬧我簡直無法打電話了。)
Will you kids knock it off? I can't study. (夠了,小鬼們,停下來。我無法專心念書。)