在新SAT寫作部分的考試中，根據OG給出的官方評分標準，一篇高質文章需要有一個好的框架，而一個好的框架要具備一些很關鍵的要素。
在新SAT寫作部分的考試中，根據OG給出的官方評分標準，一篇高質文章需要有一個好的框架，而一個好的框架要具備一些很關鍵的要素。
首先，它必須清楚表述作者的論點是什麼，且最好在introduction段呈現論點。Intro段之後，需要有至少三個支撐段，我們稱這種支撐段為body paragraph。 在每個body paragraph中，需要有一箇中心的claim和相應的evidence來支撐這個claim。OG中也指出，evidence主要包括以下幾種：facts事實，credible sources可靠的信息來源，或者是 examples例子。此外，一個好的conclusion來重申、深化作者的argument也顯得尤為重要。
根據上述的文章框架，修辭分析，即所給文章的作者運用到的文學上的手法，就在充實body paragraph中起了重要作用。當然，有一點需要明確的是，作者運用修辭分析的目的肯定離不開其中心claim的構建。
為了更好的打動讀者、加強文章對讀者的說服力，作者會用到很多修辭手法比如metaphor暗喻，simile明喻，appeal to emotion訴諸情感，comparison/contrast比較對比（注意contrast更多強調的是不同點之間的比較），word choice詞彙選擇，repetition重複，或者propaganda誇大宣傳等手法。這些手法會讓讀者更加深入、有效的瞭解作者的觀點。
要抓到作者的這些手法，建議在閱讀文章的同時養成有意識的做筆記的習慣，在文章都邊邊角角寫註釋並圈圈點點重要的修辭手法，當然，這要求學生首先能留意到並識別出這些手法，但是要注意的一點就是，我們提醒學生不要標註過多的註釋，並注意從註釋的手法當中有側重的挑選修辭手法進入自己的essay寫作。
新SAT寫作終於也像我們的語文考試一樣，開始考各種寫作手法、各種修辭格了。這些修辭格與中文的修辭格基本一致，不過看看它們的專業名稱，現在不僅要求會認，而且要在寫作中熟練使用。下面為大家介紹一下新SAT寫作中可用到的13種修辭格：
1.metaphor 暗喻
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a term is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in "She is a rose."（她就是一朵玫瑰花。) Excluding the possibility that the subject of this sentence is literally a flower, this example suggests that the subject possesses figurative extensions of qualities or attributes of a rose, such as exquisite beauty or perhaps a prickly disposition.
2.simile 明喻
Metaphor is often confused withsimile, a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared. That explicit comparison often takes the form of the word like or as. To build on the example in the previous slide, "she is like a rose" and "as thorny as a rose bush" are examples of simile. （她就像一朵玫瑰;她像玫瑰一樣多刺。)
3.analogy 比喻/類比
Simile and metaphor are both forms of analogy, the illustration of one idea by a more familiar or accessible idea that is in some way parallel. In his novel Cocktail Hour, P.G. Wodehouse uses the analogy of a man expecting to hear a rose petal drop in the Grand Canyon to illustrate the futility of a novelist hoping for swift success: "It has been well said that an author who expects results from a first novel is in a position similar to that of a man who drops a rose petal down the Grand Canyon of Arizona and listens for the echo." （眾所周知，小說作家想要一炮而紅，猶如落花入谷，渺無迴音。)
4.hyperbole 誇張
Hyperbole is an obvious and intentional exaggeration, such as "I read a million books this summer." （我今年夏天讀的書不計其數。)Although teachers everywhere would likely rejoice if this were a true statement, plausibility is not the intended use of hyperbole: this literary device is often used for dramatic or comedic effect.
5.allusion 引喻
An allusion is an indirect reference to a person, place, event, or artistic work. Allusions assume a level of familiarity on the part of the reader with the work, person, or event referenced. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of the con artists who claims to be an heir to the French throne makes allusions to three of Shakespeare's plays in his jumbled rendition of Hamlet's soliloquy（獨白）, which opens with the humorously botched line "To be or not to be: that is the bare bodkin." （存在還是毀滅，這是一根大長錐。)
6.euphemism 諱飾
Euphemism is the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be harsh, blunt, or offensive. Break wind（俚：放屁）, the birds and the bees（俚：基本的性知識）, and cold turkey（突然停用藥品）are euphemisms for flatulence, sex and reproduction, and a quick, complete withdrawal from the use of an addictive substance, respectively. The opposite of euphemism is dysphemism, defined as the substitution of a harsh, disparaging, or unpleasant expression for a more neutral one.
7.paradox 悖論
A paradox is a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but may in reality express a truth or tension. William Wordsworth offers an example of paradox in his poem My Heart Leaps Up （我心雀躍）with the line "the Child is the father of the Man."（兒童是成年人之父。) This expression defies common sense on a literal level, but expresses a deeper truth that our dominant character traits are formed when we are young, and they continue to shape our experiences as adults. Paradox comes from the Greek word parádoxos, which means "beyond belief."
8.oxymoron 反飾
Similar to paradox, the rhetorical device oxymoron uses contradiction, but anoxymoron is more compressed than a paradox. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, such as in the phrase "cruel kindness" or "to make haste slowly," or more famously in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet （羅密歐與朱利葉） when Romeo utters the lines "O loving hate" and "O heavy lightness" in the opening scene. (“殘忍的善良”，“緩慢的匆忙”，“甜蜜的痛苦”，“沉重的輕浮”)
9.satire 諷刺
Satire is a slippery concept that can sometimes be deeply embedded in a work's themes or narrative, and sometimes closer to the surface in the actions or behavior of characters: simply put, satire is the use of irony, sarcasm, or ridicule in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice or folly. Jonathan Swift's 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels（格列佛遊記） is an example of satirical fiction. Written in the style of travel writing of its day,Gulliver's Travels also provides an example of parody, defined as "a humorous imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing."
10.onomatopoeia 擬聲
Perhaps the most fun-to-say term on this list,onomatopoeia is defined as the formation of a word, as cuckoo, meow, honk, or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent. It comes from the Greek word onomatopoiía, which means "making of words."
11.alliteration 押頭韻
Alliteration is the commencement of two or more nearby words with the same letter or sound, as in the schoolyard staple "She sells seashells by the seashore." Alliteration is often used in poetry and song writing, along with assonance, the repetition of vowel sounds in words with different consonants, andconsonance, the repetition of consonants, often at the end of words.
12.allegory 諷喻
An allegory is a story in which the characters or developments symbolize real people or events. George Orwell's Animal Farm （動物莊園） is an example of an allegory; on the surface it's about a group of animals that overthrow their human masters to establish a more egalitarian society only to watch it devolve into tyranny, but below the surface it's about Russia's Bolshevik revolution and the corrupting nature of power.
13.irony 反語
Perhaps the most widely misunderstood term on this list, ironyhas a broad range of meanings and applications. Its primary definition is "the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning," sometimes called verbal irony. Responding "How nice!" to unpleasant news is an example of verbal irony. There is also situational irony, in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected, and dramatic irony, which occurs when a situation is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.
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